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ABOUT SINGAPORE - EDUCATION IN SINGAPORE

EDUCATION
IN SINGAPORE
The education system in
Singapore is flexible and caters to every child’s abilities, interests and
aptitudes so as to help each develop to his fullest potential. It focuses
on the development of human resources to meet Singapore’s need for an
educated and skilled workforce. It also facilitates the inculcation of
sound moral values to serve as a cultural ballast in the face of rapid
progress and change.
Every child in Singapore undergoes at least 10 years of general education.
This comprises six years of primary education and four years of secondary
education. The areas of literacy, numeracy, bilingualism, physical and
moral education, and creative and independent thinking are emphasised by
the education system. The bilingual policy requires that each child learns
English and his mother tongue. This enables children to be proficient in
English, which is the language of commerce, technology and administration,
and their mother tongue, the language of their cultural heritage.
Computer-based programmes are also introduced in schools to ensure that
pupils are ready to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
Creative thinking skills and learning skills are essential for the future.
The ministry has taken on the challenge to develop and expand our
students’ creative potential and to instil in them the desire for
continual learning. In addition, Information Technology will be used
widely as teaching and learning resources to develop skills in
communication and independent learning. National Education is also taught
to foster strong bonds among students and develop in them a sense of
responsibility and commitment to family, community and country.
This vision for meeting the challenges for the future can be summed up in
four words: THINKING SCHOOLS, LEARNING NATION. It is a vision which will
ensure that Singapore will be a nation of thinking and committed citizens
who are capable of contributing towards Singapore’s continued growth and
prosperity.
PRIMARY EDUCATION
At the primary level, pupils go through a four-year foundation stage, from
Primary One to Four, and a two-year orientation stage from Primary Five to
Six.
All pupils at the foundation stage follow a common curriculum which
provides them with a firm foundation in English, their mother tongue and
Mathematics. Also included in the curriculum are subjects such as Music,
Art and Craft, Civics and Moral Education, Health Education, Social
Studies and Physical Education. Pupils are also encouraged to participate
in extra-curricular activities.
To maximise their potential, pupils are formally streamed according to
their learning ability at the end of Primary Four. All pupils then advance
to the next stage of primary education, the orientation stage. At the
orientation stage, pupils are placed in one of three language streams,
namely EM1, EM2, and EM3, according to their abilities. Pupils in the EM1
and EM2 streams do English, Mother Tongue, Mathematics and Science. EM1
pupils may do higher Chinese/ Malay/ Tamil as their Mother Tongue. Pupils
in the EM3 stream do Foundation English, basic Mother Tongue and
Foundation Mathematics.
At the end of Primary Six, pupils sit for the Primary School Leaving
Examination (PSLE) which assesses their abilities for placement in a
secondary school course that suits their learning pace and aptitude.
Pupils who obtain the necessary standards are then admitted to the
Special, Express or Normal stream in secondary schools.
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SECONDARY EDUCATION
At the secondary level, pupils have the choice of three courses designed
to match their learning abilities and interests. Pupils undergo four to
five years of secondary education with different curricular emphases. The
majority of pupils undergo the Special course or Express course whilst the
rest enter the Normal course. Within the Normal course, pupils have the
option of taking the Normal (Academic) course or the Normal (Technical)
course, both of which lead to the Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate
of Education "Normal", GCE "N" level examination at the end of four years.
Those who are competent go on to sit the Singapore-Cambridge General
Certificate of Education "Ordinary", GCE "O" level examination at the end
of the fifth year.
SPECIAL COURSE
The four-year Special course provides able pupils with the
opportunity to study English and the Mother Tongue at a higher level, that
is, Higher Chinese, Higher Malay or Higher Tamil. At the end of Secondary
Four, they sit the GCE "O" level examination.
EXPRESS COURSE
The Express course also prepares pupils for the GCE "O" level
examination in four years. Unlike pupils in the Special course, pupils
study English and the Mother Tongue, that is, Chinese, Malay or Tamil.
NORMAL COURSE
Pupils in the Normal (Academic) course have, as compulsory
subjects, English, the Mother Tongue and Mathematics. Pupils sit the GCE
"N" level examination at the end of the fourth year. Those who meet the
criteria go on for a fifth year of study. On obtaining good results at the
GCE "O" level examination, they can proceed to the junior colleges,
polytechnics or technical institutes. Many of the pupils who complete the
Normal course in the fourth year, after sitting the GCE "N" level
examination, are likely to take up technical and vocational education at
the technical institutes.
Pupils in the Normal (Technical) course are prepared for
technical-vocational education with the Institute of Technical Education.
The curriculum is geared towards strengthening pupils’ proficiency in
English and Mathematics. Pupils will take as compulsory subjects, English,
Mathematics and Computer Applications and offer them at the "N" level
examination at the end of the fourth year. Those who are able academically
can continue another year to prepare for the "O" level examination.
CURRICULUM
At the secondary level, the curriculum for the Special, Express and Normal
(Academic) courses include English, Mother Tongue, Mathematics, Science,
History, Geography, English Literature, Art and Craft, Design and
Technology, Home Economics, Civics and Moral Education, Physical Education
and Music. In Secondary Three, students can opt for subjects of their
choice, apart from the core subjects (English Language, the Mother Tongue,
Mathematics, Physical Education and Civics and Moral Education).
The electives depend on whether they are in the Arts, Science, Commerce or
Technical stream. Pupils do at least one Humanities subject if they are in
the Science stream. They can also do a third language, such as French,
German or Japanese.
Pupils in the Normal (Technical) stream can do electives such as Technical
Studies (or Design and Technology), Basic Science, Food and Nutrition,
Fashion and Fabrics, Art and Craft and Elements of Office Administration,
apart from the core subjects of English, basic Chinese/ Malay/ Tamil,
Mathematics and Computer Applications.
POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION
Upon completion of their GCE "O" Level Examinations, students
can apply for entry to a junior college for a two-year pre-university
course, or a centralised institute for a three-year pre-university course.
Admission is based on a points system computed from the aggregate of the
student’s GCE "O" Level result.
At the end of the pre-university course, students sit for the
Singapore-Cambridge General Certificate of Education "Advanced" (GCE "A")
Level Examinations. Their eligibility for tertiary education is determined
by the results of their GCE "A" Level Examinations.
The curriculum for pre-university students comprises two compulsory
subjects, namely, General Paper and the Mother Tongue, and a maximum of
four GCE "A" Level subjects. Subjects offered in the Arts Stream include
Literature, Economics, History, Geography, Art and Mathematics. Students
in the Science
Stream can opt for Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Physical Science,
Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Economics, Art and Computing.
CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
Apart from the formal school curriculum, pupils participate in
Co-curricular activities (CCAs) which provide healthy recreation, and
instil self-discipline, teamwork and confidence in the pupils. The
character development and physical growth of each child is hence provided
for.
There is a wide range of CCAs in our schools. Pupils may choose from a
variety of sports and games such as track and field, basketball, tennis or
uniformed organisations such as the Red Cross Society and National Police
Cadet Corps. They can, alternatively, opt for a cultural activity such as
the Military Band, the ethnic dance group or the drama club. Students can
also participate in clubs and societies like the Photographic Society, the
Computer Club and the Gardening Club.
Pupils are introduced to CCAs at Primary Four and participation is
voluntary. At secondary level, they must participate in at least one core
CCA .
Schools compete in a number of Co-curricular events at the zonal and
national level each year. These include sports events such as the
Inter-School Cross Country Championships, and the National Track and Field
and Swimming Championships. The Singapore Youth Festival is an annual
event which showcases the creativity and talent of Singapore students
through drama presentations, choral singing, an art and craft exhibition,
uniformed group events and sports events.
TYPES OF SCHOOLS
Independent
Schools
The setting up of independent schools is one step towards
excellence in education. An independent school enjoys autonomy in setting
its own scale of fees, in the admission of pupils, in the selection and
appointment of teachers and principals as well as in curriculum matters.
They conform to national education policies, such as the bilingual policy,
the teaching of Civics and Moral Education and the preparation of students
for national examinations.
Autonomous Schools
Autonomous schools can be government or government aided schools.
They are given additional funds and more leeway to execute their mission
of providing quality education. These schools are well-spread out
geographically for the convenience of pupils living in the different parts
of the island. They, too conform to national education policies.
SAP Schools
The Special Assistance Plan (SAP) schools are established to
maintain high standards in both English and Chinese whilst preserving the
traditional ethos existing in the schools. The secondary SAP schools offer
the Special course where pupils learn Chinese at a higher level and
English.
Cluster School
The School Cluster Scheme was mooted as a management model to
enhance the management of schools by reducing centralised control and
decision-making. Under the scheme, a group of schools forms a cluster co-ordinated
by a Superintendent with the responsibility of facilitating networking and
collaboration among the Principals of the cluster schools. The
Superintendents are also in charge of developing and supervising the
Principals.
Single Session Schools
Some of our schools are double-session with two groups of students
making use of school facilities from 7:30am to 1:00pm and 1:00pm to
6:30pm. By the year 2000, all secondary schools will be single-session.
Schools may make use of available facilities for extra-curricular
activities and enrichment programmes in the afternoons.
Special Schools
Pupils with physical or intellectual impairment go to special
schools which are run by the voluntary welfare organisations and heavily
funded by the government. Trained teachers are seconded to teach in these
schools. The schools are equipped with special facilities and specially
designed curricular to prepare disabled children for life and for work in
society.
SCHOOL FEES AND MISCELLANEOUS FEES
Pupils at primary level do not have to pay school fees. They only pay
miscellaneous fees which go to their respective school, to help cover the
cost of equipment and special programmes for the benefit of the pupils.
Pupils at secondary and pre-university levels pay subsidised school fees
as well as miscellaneous fees.
SCHOOL FACILITIES
All schools are equipped with facilities to provide students with a
balanced education. Schools have well-stocked libraries to promote reading
and the discipline of self-study. They also have special rooms such as
science laboratories, art rooms, music rooms, media resource rooms and
computer laboratories. Other facilities available include basketball and
volleyball courts and multi-purpose halls. Junior colleges are equipped
with tennis and squash courts, and their lecture theatres are fitted with
sound systems and multimedia projection facilities.
With the implementation of the IT Masterplan, all schools will be fully
networked by the year 2002. Teachers and pupils will have adequate access
to multi-media computer resources, courseware, the Internet
and digitised media resources. The target of the IT Masterplan is to
provide one computer to every two pupils from primary one to junior
college, and for IT to be used for 30 % of curriculum time.
THE
SCHOOL YEAR
The school year consists of four terms of ten weeks each,
beginning January 2. There is a one week vacation between the first and
second terms and another between the third and fourth terms. There is a
four-week break in the middle of the year and a long vacation of six weeks
occurs at the end of the year.
INSTITUTES OF HIGHER LEARNING
Institute of Technical Education
The Institute of Technical Education (ITE) is a post-secondary
institution which equips secondary school leavers and working adults with
technical skills and knowledge to meet the manpower needs of the various
sectors of industry. ITE provides full-time institutional training and
apprenticeship programmes for school leavers as well as Continuing
Education and Training (CET) programmes for workers.
Polytechnics
The Nanyang Polytechnic, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore Polytechnic and
Temasek Polytechnic have been set up to ensure broad-based training for
students inclined towards practice-oriented studies at tertiary level.
Geared towards people with "O" and "A" level qualifications, as well as
the graduates from the technological institutes, the four polytechnics
offer a wide range of courses such as engineering, business and maritime
studies, mass communications, marketing, graphic, product and interior
design and computer studies. ITE graduates holding a certificate of merit
in relevant National Trade Certificate Grade 2 courses, or who have gone
through the ITE’s apprenticeship scheme can also apply to the
polytechnics.
National Institute of Education
Professional training for teachers is conducted by the National Institute
of Education (NIE), an institute at the Nanyang Technological University.
NIE offers four-year degree programmes for "A" level students which lead
to the award of the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Diploma in Education,
Bachelor of Science with Diploma in Education, Bachelor of Arts with
Diploma in Education (Physical Education) or Bachelor of Science with
Diploma of Education (Physical Education). Two-year programmes are also
offered to "A" level students and Polytechnic Diploma holders. These lead
to the award of the Diploma in Education or Diploma in Physical Education.
For university graduates, NIE offers the one-year Postgraduate Diploma in
Education Programme. They will be trained to teach either in primary
schools or secondary schools. Alternatively, they can take up the two-year
Postgraduate Diploma in Education (Physical Education) Programme and
specialise in teaching Physical Education.
Universities
Admission to the two universities, the National University of Singapore
and the Nanyang Technological University, is based on GCE "A" level
performance and, in some cases, interviews as well. Diploma holders can
also apply for admission to the universities. A third university, the
Singapore Management University, will be established in 2000.
Faculties in the National University of Singapore offer degree programmes
in Arts and Social Sciences, Architecture, Building and Real Estate,
Business Administration, Law, Science, Engineering, Medicine and
Dentistry. Postgraduate studies are offered in all faculties and there are
six postgraduate schools, namely the Graduate School of Arts and Social
Sciences, Business, and Science; Schools of Medical and Dental Studies as
well as the Postgraduate School of Engineering.
The Nanyang Technological University (NTU) has its origin in the former
Nanyang Technological Institute. With the incorporation of the National
Institute of Education in 1991, NTU has become a comprehensive university
offering a diverse selection of courses. Its Engineering and Business
related programmes are most notable and have received accolades from
international organisations.
The degree courses offered at NTU include Accountancy, Business,
Communication Studies, Computer Engineering, Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, Mechanical and Production Engineering, Civil and Structural
Engineering, Arts, Science, Education and Physical Education.
Open University Degree Programme
The Ministry of Education appointed the Singapore Institute of Management
to run the Open University Degree Programme (OUDP) because of the
institute’s experience in organising part-time further education
programmes for working adults. The OUDP is run in collaboration with the
UK Open University and adopts an open approach to learning. Open learning
systems are designed to meet individual requirements and remove barriers,
notably of time and space, that prevent attendance at traditional courses.
The OUDP adopts a multi-media instructional system. Some of the main
components are self-learning study units, audio and video tapes, revision
classes as well as year-end examinations.
Singapore Management University, Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts and LaSalle-SIA
College of the Arts
The Ministry of Education also oversees the broad strategic development of
three public-funded private institutions of higher learning, the Singapore
Management University, the Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts and the LaSalle-SIA
College of the Arts.
FOREIGNER STUDYING IN GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS

Children of expatriates residing in Singapore on employment passes or
skilled work permits can apply for admission to government or aided
schools. School fees in these schools are pegged at $3 a month for
primary pupils and $5 a month for secondary students, and are much
lower than those in private
schools. Children whose parents are not
employment pass holders, skilled work permit holders or permanent
residents will need to apply for student passes through the Foreign
Student Unit, Ministry of Education
Write to:
Foreign Students Unit, Ground Floor, Ministry of Education, Kay Siang Road
Singapore 248922; Tel: (65)-6470-9356, Fax: (65)-6476-0957
The parent/guardian will receive a Letter of Certification within seven
working days of the submission of the application. By presenting the
Letter of Certification, the parent may contact the school of their choice
to apply for an assessment test, the dates of which are decided by the
school. Acceptance by the school will depend on the results of the test
and the student's age. If the student is accepted, the Foreign Students
Unit will send a letter requesting a contribution to the Education Fund.
Malaysians must contribute $3,000 for primary education, secondary and
pre-university education, while parents of other nationalities must
contribute $5,000.
The Student Pass can then be obtained from the Immigration Department with
the Letter of Approval. (Foreign students can report for school admission
only after obtaining the Student Pass.)
For admission to kindergartens, private schools, universities and
polytechnics, applications can be made directly to the school, and the
contribution to the Education Fund is not required.
For more information on
studying in Singapore, please visit
www.singaporeedu.gov.sg.
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS
In
Singapore, there are a number of international schools to choose from.
Please
click here for a list of all
international schools in Singapore. It is compulsory for foreign students
studying here to apply for an annual student pass from the Immigration
Department. The school fees paid by the company are taxable under the
Singapore law.
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